Transformasi Profesi Ojek Online sebagai Basis Kekuatan Politik di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53611/hk51fj24Keywords:
Ekonomi Platform Digital; Gerakan Sosial Baru; Identitas Kolektif; Pengemudi Ojek OnlineAbstract
Pesatnya ekspansi ekonomi platform digital di Indonesia telah mentransformasi pengemudi ojek online (ojol) dari pekerja lepas (gig workers) individual menjadi kekuatan sosial kolektif dengan signifikansi politik yang kian tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana profesi ojek online berevolusi menjadi basis kekuatan politik melalui perspektif identitas kolektif, jaringan solidaritas, dan mobilisasi massa dalam kerangka Teori Gerakan Sosial Baru. Studi ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur (literature review) dengan pendekatan semi-sistematis yang disajikan secara naratif-tematik. Data sekunder bersumber dari publikasi ilmiah peer-reviewed, dokumen kebijakan publik, dan laporan media massa tepercaya terkait tenaga kerja platform yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik Analisis Isi Kualitatif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesamaan pengalaman atas kerentanan ekonomi, eksploitasi manajemen algoritma, dan minimnya perlindungan sosial berhasil menumbuhkan identitas kolektif yang kuat di kalangan pengemudi. Jaringan komunikasi digital (grup WhatsApp/Telegram) dan paguyuban lokal bertindak sebagai infrastruktur krusial yang memperkokoh kohesi sosial serta memfasilitasi koordinasi aksi kolektif maupun mobilisasi kemanusiaan secara instan di ruang publik. Di balik kapasitas agensi moralnya yang besar, pengaruh politik gerakan ojol masih dihadapkan pada batasan struktural yang dilematis, seperti ketergantungan mutlak pada platform, ambiguitas hukum kemitraan, kontrol ketat kode algoritma, dan fragmentasi internal komunitas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa komunitas ojol merepresentasikan model gerakan sosial baru era digital yang berhasil menggeser orientasi gerakan dari sekadar tuntutan ekonomi jangka pendek menjadi gerakan moral-kemanusiaan universal, meski stamina politik jangka panjangnya masih terus diuji oleh dominasi kapitalisme siber.
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